Kunezinhlobo ezine zemithwalo yezimoto ezishintshayo zezimboni:
1, Amandla wehhashi alungisekayo kanye ne-torque engaguquki: Amandla amahhashi aguquguqukayo kanye nezicelo ze-torque ezingaguquki zihlanganisa ama-conveyors, ama-cranes namaphampu egiya. Kulezi zicelo, i-torque ihlala njalo ngoba umthwalo uhlala njalo. Amandla ehhashi adingekayo angahluka kuye ngohlelo lokusebenza, okwenza isivinini esingaguquki se-AC kanye ne-DC motors kube ukukhetha okuhle.
2, I-torque eguquguqukayo namandla amahhashi angashintshi: Isibonelo setorque eguquguqukayo kanye nezicelo zamandla amahhashi ezingashintshi yiphepha lokuhlehlisa umshini. Ijubane lempahla lihlala lifana, okusho ukuthi amandla amahhashi awashintshi. Nokho, njengoba ububanzi bomqulu bukhula, umthwalo uyashintsha. Ezinhlelweni ezincane, lesi isicelo esihle sama-DC motors noma ama-servo motors. Amandla okuvuselela nawo ayinto ekhathazayo futhi kufanele icatshangelwe lapho kunqunywa usayizi wemoto yezimboni noma kukhethwa indlela yokulawula amandla. Amamotho e-Ac anama-encoder, control-loop control, namadrayivu anequadrant egcwele angase azuzise amasistimu amakhulu.
I-3, amandla amahhashi kanye ne-torque eguquguqukayo: abalandeli, amaphampu aphakathi nendawo nama-agitator adinga amandla ahlukahlukene amahhashi kanye ne-torque. Njengoba ijubane lemoto yezimboni likhuphuka, umthamo womthwalo nawo uyanda ngamandla adingekayo wehhashi kanye netorque. Lezi zinhlobo zemithwalo yilapho ingxoxo yokusebenza kahle kwezimoto iqala khona, ama-inverter alayisha ama-AC motors esebenzisa ama-variable speed drives (VSDs).
I-4, isilawuli sendawo noma isilawuli se-torque: Izicelo ezifana namadrayivu aqondile, adinga ukunyakaza okunembile ezindaweni eziningi, adinga indawo eqinile noma isilawuli setorque, futhi ngokuvamile adinga impendulo ukuze aqinisekise ukuma kwemoto okuyiyonayona. Ama-Servo noma ama-stepper motors ayinketho engcono kakhulu yalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, kodwa ama-DC motors anempendulo noma ama-inverter alayishwe ama-AC motors ane-encoder avame ukusetshenziswa emigqeni yokukhiqiza yensimbi noma yephepha nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanayo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimboni zezimboni
Yize kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-36 zama-AC/DC motors asetshenziswa ezimbonini. Yize kunezinhlobo eziningi zamamotho, kukhona ukunqwabelana okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni, futhi imakethe iphushele ukwenza lula ukukhethwa kwezinjini. Lokhu Nciphisa ukukhetha okusebenzayo kwamamotho ezinhlelweni eziningi. Izinhlobo zezimoto eziyisithupha ezijwayeleke kakhulu, ezilungele iningi lezinhlelo zokusebenza, zingama-motor e-DC angenalutho namabhulashi, ikheji ye-squirrel ye-AC kanye nama-rotor motors asontayo, ama-servo kanye nama-stepper motors. Lezi zinhlobo zezimoto zilungele iningi lezicelo, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zisetshenziselwa izinhlelo ezikhethekile kuphela.
Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezicelo zezimoto zezimboni
Izinhlelo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamamotho ezimboni isivinini esingaguquki, isivinini esiguquguqukayo, kanye nokulawula isikhundla (noma i-torque). Izimo ezishintshayo zezimboni ezihlukene zidinga izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinkinga ezahlukene kanye nesethi yazo yezinkinga. Isibonelo, uma isivinini esiphezulu singaphansi kwereferensi yemoto, i-gearbox iyadingeka. Lokhu futhi kuvumela injini encane ukuthi isebenze ngesivinini esisebenza kahle kakhulu. Yize kunengcebo yolwazi ku-inthanethi mayelana nendlela yokunquma usayizi wenjini, kunezici eziningi abasebenzisi okufanele bazicabangele ngoba miningi imininingwane okufanele icatshangelwe. Ukubala inertia yomthwalo, i-torque, nesivinini kudinga umsebenzisi ukuthi aqonde imingcele efana nengqikithi yesisindo nosayizi (irediyasi) yomthwalo, kanye nokushayisana, ukulahleka kwebhokisi likagiya, nomjikelezo womshini. Izinguquko zomthwalo, isivinini sokusheshisa noma ukwehla, kanye nomjikelezo womsebenzi wokufaka isicelo nawo kufanele kucatshangelwe, ngaphandle kwalokho ama-motor ezimboni angase ashise ngokweqile. Ama-Ac induction motors ayinketho ethandwayo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezijikelezayo zezimboni. Ngemuva kokukhethwa kohlobo lwemoto nosayizi, abasebenzisi nabo badinga ukucabangela izici zemvelo kanye nezinhlobo zezindlu zezimoto, njengohlaka oluvulekile kanye nezicelo zokuwasha izindlu zensimbi engagqwali.
Indlela yokukhetha injini yezimboni
Izinkinga ezintathu eziyinhloko zokukhethwa kwezimoto zezimboni
1. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisheshayo?
Ezinhlelweni ezisebenza ngesivinini esingaguquki, injini ivamise ukugijima ngesivinini esifanayo ngokucatshangelwa okuncane noma akukho nhlobo kokusheshisa kanye namarempu okwehlisa ijubane. Lolu hlobo lohlelo lokusebenza ngokuvamile lusebenza kusetshenziswa izilawuli zokuvula/ukuvala zomugqa ogcwele. Isifunda sokulawula ngokuvamile siqukethe i-fuse yesifunda yegatsha ene-contactor, i-overload industrial motor starter, kanye nesilawuli se-motor manual noma isiqalisi esithambile. Zombili izinjini ze-AC ne-DC zilungele ukusetshenziswa kwejubane eliqhubekayo. Ama-Dc motors anikezela ngetorque egcwele ngesivinini esinguziro futhi anesisekelo esikhulu sokukhweza. Ama-Ac motors nawo ayisinqumo esihle ngoba anamandla aphezulu futhi adinga ukulungiswa okuncane. Ngokuphambene, izici zokusebenza eziphezulu ze-servo noma i-stepper motor zingathathwa njengezeqile kuhlelo lokusebenza olulula.
2. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwejubane eliguquguqukayo?
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zesivinini eziguquguqukayo ngokuvamile zidinga isivinini esihlangene kanye nokwehluka kwesivinini, kanye namarempu okusheshisa achaziwe kanye namarempu okwehlisa ijubane. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo, ukunciphisa isivinini samamotho wezimboni, njengamafeni namaphampu amaphakathi, ngokuvamile kwenziwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle ngokufanisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nomthwalo, kunokugijima ngesivinini esigcwele kanye nokunyakazisa noma ukucindezela okukhiphayo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukucatshangelwa ekudluliseni izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nemigqa yamabhodlela. Inhlanganisela yama-AC motors kanye ne-VFDS isetshenziswa kabanzi ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle futhi isebenza kahle ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zejubane eliguquguqukayo. Womabili amamotho e-AC kanye ne-DC anamadrayivu afanelekile asebenza kahle ezinhlelweni zejubane eliguquguqukayo. Izinjini ze-Dc kanye nokuhlelwa kwedrayivu sekuyisikhathi eside kuwukuphela kwenketho yamamotho wejubane aguquguqukayo, futhi izingxenye zawo sezakhiwe futhi zafakazelwa. Ngisho namanje, ama-motor e-DC adumile ngesivinini esiguquguqukayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza zamahhashi amancane futhi awusizo ezinhlelweni zejubane eliphansi ngoba anganikeza i-torque egcwele ngesivinini esiphansi kanye ne-torque engaguquki ngesivinini sezimoto ezihlukahlukene zezimboni. Kodwa-ke, ukugcinwa kwamamotho e-DC kuyindaba okufanele icatshangelwe, njengoba abaningi bedinga ukushintshwa ngamabhulashi futhi baguge ngenxa yokuxhumana nezingxenye ezihambayo. Amamotho e-Brushless DC aqeda le nkinga, kodwa abiza kakhulu ngaphambili futhi uhla lwamamotho wezimboni atholakalayo mancane. Ukugqokwa kwebhulashi akuyona inkinga ngezinjini zokungeniswa kwe-AC, kuyilapho ama-variable frequency drives (VFDS) ehlinzeka ngenketho ewusizo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezedlula i-1 HP, njengezifeni nokumpompa, ezingakhuphula ukusebenza kahle. Ukukhetha uhlobo lokushayela ukuze usebenzise injini yezimboni kungangeza ukuqwashisa ngesikhundla. Isifaki khodi singangezwa kunjini uma uhlelo lokusebenza luyidinga, futhi idrayivu ingacaciswa ukuze kusetshenziswe impendulo yesifaki khodi. Njengomphumela, lokhu kusetha kunganikeza izivinini ezifana ne-servo.
3. Ingabe udinga ukulawula isikhundla?
Ukulawula ukuma okuqinile kutholakala ngokuhlala uqinisekise ukuma kwemoto njengoba ihamba. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinjengokubeka amadrayivu amugqa zingasebenzisa amamotho anyathelayo anempendulo noma ngaphandle kwempendulo noma ama-servo motors anempendulo yemvelo. Isitebhisi sinyakaza ngokunembile siye endaweni ngesivinini esimaphakathi bese sibamba leyo ndawo. Isistimu ye-loop stepper evulekile inikeza ukulawula okunamandla kwesikhundla uma kunosayizi ofanele. Uma ingekho impendulo, i-stepper izohambisa inombolo eqondile yezinyathelo ngaphandle uma ihlangabezana nokuphazamiseka komthwalo okungaphezu kwamandla ayo. Njengoba ijubane namandla ohlelo lokusebenza landa, isilawuli se-stepper esivulekile se-loop singase singahlangabezani nezidingo zohlelo, okudinga ukuthuthukela kusistimu ye-stepper noma ye-servo motor ngempendulo. Isistimu ye-loop evaliwe ihlinzeka ngamaphrofayili ahambayo anesivinini esikhulu kanye nokulawula ukuma okunembile. Amasistimu e-Servo ahlinzeka ngama-torque aphezulu kunezitebhisi ngesivinini esikhulu futhi asebenza kangcono emithwalweni ephezulu enamandla noma ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezinyakazayo. Ukuze uthole ukunyakaza okuphakeme kokusebenza okune-overshoot yendawo ephansi, inertia yomthwalo ebonisiwe kufanele ifane ne-servo motor inertia ngangokunokwenzeka. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukungafani okungafika ku-10:1 kwanele, kodwa ukufana okungu-1:1 kulungile. Ukuncishiswa kwegiya kuyindlela enhle yokuxazulula inkinga yokungahambisani kahle kwe-inertia, ngoba inertia yomthwalo obonisiwe yehliswa yisikwele sesilinganiso sokudlulisa, kodwa inertia yebhokisi le-gearbox kufanele inakwe ekubalweni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-16-2023